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Hartshill Park
Hartshill Park is a large nature reserve stretching along the western edge of the city of Stoke-on-Trent, England. The Park is a patchwork of different habitats, including five ponds. It is notable for being part of a Norman deer hunting park that has survived as open space into the modern era. It is a local nature reserve.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hartshill Park )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Map of Hartshill Park )〕
==History==
The place takes its name from Hart, meaning "deer". The Roman road called Rykeneld Street may have passed directly along the top of the ridge and gone down to where Stoke-on-Trent railway station is now, although the exact route it ran along from Wolstanton is unknown. However, local historians suspect that the road actually dropped into the valley at Basford and came into Stoke via Etruria 〔Steve Birks, "Mystery of Roman road is just par for the course", ''The Sentinel'', 25th Feb 2008.〕 There are various military and topographical reasons why an Etruria route is far more likely.
Hartshill Park was part of a Norman deer hunting park, which survived as such well into the 15th century - evidenced by records of the boundaries being repaired at that time. The lower Cliffe Vale flatter section of the park - in the valley between Shelton Old Road and Eturia Road (now occupied by the A500 and the West Coast Main Line train lines)- was likely to have been deforested sometime in the 15th century. The more elevated core of the hunting park became a landed estate and farm, and it is marked on 1st edition six-inch (152 mm) Ordnance Survey map (c. 1860) as "Cliff Ville" - this was a gentleman's residence with extensive grounds that later became a school.〔http://www.thepotteries.org/tour/017.htm〕
In the early 20th Century some of the accessible parts of the area were used for dumping pottery and brick-making waste. The bulk of the land in the Park was farmed from 1916 to 1978, for grazing and dairy. Stoke-on-Trent City Council forcibly purchased the land in 1975. Parts of the Park were lost to two new state schools and their extensive playing fields, in the 1960s and 1970s (at 2012 one of these schools has recently closed and is likely to be sold for housing land). The rest of the land underwent basic reclamation from the late 1970s onwards, to serve as public open space, but it then had very little maintenance or attention from the City Council for the next thirty years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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